CD is better than vinyl, which is why vinyl sounds better than CD
Posted 2nd November 2014 at 01:40 PM by cspirou
Updated 10th December 2014 at 08:53 AM by cspirou (Added info about 24 bit audio)
Updated 10th December 2014 at 08:53 AM by cspirou (Added info about 24 bit audio)
For my first blog post I wanted to write about digital vs analog sources, or more specifically CD vs vinyl. The title seems contradictory but hopefully my thesis will be clear by the end of this article. I will mainly be emphasizing dynamic range.
First I want to say that from a technical stand point, the CD is superior to vinyl. The average dynamic range of vinyl is 80dB while CD is capable of 150dB. There are also many issues with recording on LP vs CD which I won't elaborate on because I believe the following article does a pretty good job.
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/19/5626058...etter-than-cds
Yet there are many audiophiles that continue to claim that records sound better than CDs. Are these people brainwashed? Is it because an LP system is introducing a pleasing form of distortion?
Well I am here to claim that these audiophiles are not wrong. I don't just mean in a way to argue about subjective experience but that there are objective ways to show that music on LP is actually better then music on CD. Why would I say this? Well it turns out that music on CDs is actually recorded differently then music on LP, and not in a better way.
After CDs were established, music producers realized that you could record the music in ways that were not possible with records. You could have much more bass and increase the relative intensity of the music. This led to something called dynamic range compression, which basically means that the difference between the loud and the soft parts is reduced. Remixing music in this way was to make it play louder on the radio over other songs and hence this is generally called the 'loudness wars'.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war
During this period CDs were the primary format but LP versions were still released for a large number of albums. The problem is you literally can't put the same recording you made for the CD on the LP due the technological limitations I mentioned above. So the albums were remixed to take this into account. The result is an increase in dynamic range which for many is a better quality recording. To see the difference you can check the Dynamic Range Database.
https://dr.loudness-war.info/
As an example I will look the Weezer-Blue Album. Here are the figures for the CD and vinyl versions.
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/55631
The CD version has a dynamic range of 8 on their scale while the LP version has a range of 11.
Lets compare one of the top reviewed albums from last year. Vampire Weekend-Modern Vampires of the City
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/38756
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/57178
The CD version is 6 while the vinyl version is 10.
This is a trend that exists with popular music made after 1990. CDs with dynamic range far surpassing LPs are available. This is particularly true for classical records, Jazz and live recordings which never really needed to participate in the loudness wars. Rock and popular music made before CDs were widely available usually sounded better than the LP or cassette version. But just looking at the database, it seems pretty consistent that the LP version sounds much better then the CD version for modern music. The industry may change the way they record music but until then, the best version of an album you can get is likely to be an LP. Ian Shepard talks about this on his production blog.
https://productionadvice.co.uk/rhcp-vinyl-cd/
So what am I saying? If you are a fan of LPs then you can be confident in saying that it really does sound better and not just because you like the format better.
Addendum:
Seems like a similar argument can be made for 24 bit audio. I have read many 'objective' arguments about how 16 bit audio is enough for anyone and that 24 bit is unnecessary. Many of the improvements of 24 bit files or SACDs are a result of a better mix for the 24 bit version and so a comparison of the technical capabilities can't really be made. But isn't this an argument for 24 bit versions? If you really want the best version of an album it seems like you have to get the 24 bit version even if the 16 bit version is perfectly capable.
First I want to say that from a technical stand point, the CD is superior to vinyl. The average dynamic range of vinyl is 80dB while CD is capable of 150dB. There are also many issues with recording on LP vs CD which I won't elaborate on because I believe the following article does a pretty good job.
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/19/5626058...etter-than-cds
Yet there are many audiophiles that continue to claim that records sound better than CDs. Are these people brainwashed? Is it because an LP system is introducing a pleasing form of distortion?
Well I am here to claim that these audiophiles are not wrong. I don't just mean in a way to argue about subjective experience but that there are objective ways to show that music on LP is actually better then music on CD. Why would I say this? Well it turns out that music on CDs is actually recorded differently then music on LP, and not in a better way.
After CDs were established, music producers realized that you could record the music in ways that were not possible with records. You could have much more bass and increase the relative intensity of the music. This led to something called dynamic range compression, which basically means that the difference between the loud and the soft parts is reduced. Remixing music in this way was to make it play louder on the radio over other songs and hence this is generally called the 'loudness wars'.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war
During this period CDs were the primary format but LP versions were still released for a large number of albums. The problem is you literally can't put the same recording you made for the CD on the LP due the technological limitations I mentioned above. So the albums were remixed to take this into account. The result is an increase in dynamic range which for many is a better quality recording. To see the difference you can check the Dynamic Range Database.
https://dr.loudness-war.info/
As an example I will look the Weezer-Blue Album. Here are the figures for the CD and vinyl versions.
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/55631
The CD version has a dynamic range of 8 on their scale while the LP version has a range of 11.
Lets compare one of the top reviewed albums from last year. Vampire Weekend-Modern Vampires of the City
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/38756
https://dr.loudness-war.info/album/view/57178
The CD version is 6 while the vinyl version is 10.
This is a trend that exists with popular music made after 1990. CDs with dynamic range far surpassing LPs are available. This is particularly true for classical records, Jazz and live recordings which never really needed to participate in the loudness wars. Rock and popular music made before CDs were widely available usually sounded better than the LP or cassette version. But just looking at the database, it seems pretty consistent that the LP version sounds much better then the CD version for modern music. The industry may change the way they record music but until then, the best version of an album you can get is likely to be an LP. Ian Shepard talks about this on his production blog.
https://productionadvice.co.uk/rhcp-vinyl-cd/
So what am I saying? If you are a fan of LPs then you can be confident in saying that it really does sound better and not just because you like the format better.
Addendum:
Seems like a similar argument can be made for 24 bit audio. I have read many 'objective' arguments about how 16 bit audio is enough for anyone and that 24 bit is unnecessary. Many of the improvements of 24 bit files or SACDs are a result of a better mix for the 24 bit version and so a comparison of the technical capabilities can't really be made. But isn't this an argument for 24 bit versions? If you really want the best version of an album it seems like you have to get the 24 bit version even if the 16 bit version is perfectly capable.
Total Comments 6
Comments
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Nice simple argument, but although seemingly logical, it largely misses the point. The kind of music you say sounds better on vinyl is not the kind of music audiophiles listen to. You state that much jazz and classical music has not suffered the same compression as pop music. So what explains the audiophiles preference for vinyl?
The two examples you site no audiophile, or most other serious listeners would consider worthy of vinyl. Most vinyl lovers, love it for the unique sound, nostalgia, ritual or because it's cool, or a combination there of.Posted 4th November 2014 at 12:38 AM by mordikai -
Quote:Nice simple argument, but although seemingly logical, it largely misses the point. The kind of music you say sounds better on vinyl is not the kind of music audiophiles listen to. You state that much jazz and classical music has not suffered the same compression as pop music. So what explains the audiophiles preference for vinyl?
The two examples you site no audiophile, or most other serious listeners would consider worthy of vinyl. Most vinyl lovers, love it for the unique sound, nostalgia, ritual or because it's cool, or a combination there of.
My article was more to say that you could make a reasonable case for vinyl from a music quality standpoint. The other case is just basic availability. There are many records that are not on CD and the only way to play them is with a turntable. Or you have a large collection of old records and repurchasing them is not worth it.Posted 10th November 2014 at 10:52 AM by cspirou -
Vinyl is better and sound better than CD:
[If you go to a jazz club to hear Randy Crawford sing, then go home and play the CD it just doesn’t have the natural ebb and flow of the live show.
In this respect, vinyl LPs do better.
Sure, they have a multitude of other problems, but always seem to time more convincingly when played on a decent turntable. The reason for this, according to Chord Electronics designer Rob Watts, is that digital audio is fundamentally constrained by (what, if it were a television you’d call) its frame rate. Because it has a limited number of samples (‘frames’) per second, it can’t completely accurately resolve the ‘inter-aural’ timing of the music. Watts thinks this is a serious flaw, and the lower resolution the digital signal is (ie CDcompared to hi-res), the more acute the problem becomes.
Rob says that – in simple terms – the brain samples sound in real time every 4 microseconds, whereas CD refreshes its ‘frames’every 22 microseconds. It’s CD’s inability to work as fast as the brain that causes its problems in the time domain, why it doesn’t sound natural.]
https://chordelectronics.co.uk/files/...uly%202014.pdf
And have more dinamic:
Posted 28th November 2014 at 05:03 PM by raul_77 -
Sorry, raul_77, that explanation is completely wrong; technically, 44.1 rate digital has no problems whatsoever. Its the execution that's the problem, the components you're using to playback the digital source have a distortion problem, irrespective of what the spec's or any normal measurements may say.
Distortion?? Yes, that's the "not sounding natural" quality in the CD sound, it's distortion, pure and simple ... I can say this, because I got conventional CD to sound 100% natural 30 years ago, by "fixing up" the problems the replay system had - you then appreciate that often CD sound playback has added, "unnatural" distortion artifacts - which can always be eliminated by doing the right things ...
FrankPosted 29th November 2014 at 11:34 PM by fas42 -
Posted 30th November 2014 at 12:50 AM by abraxalito -
Since I compose, mix and master music and have many years experience working with both digital and analog systems (designing analog synthesizers, maintaining nagra tape units, programming music software, designing speakers etc), I can share a few tested observations.
1.) 24bits is audibly better than 16 on busy mixes.
2.) 48Khz is audibly better than 44.1 on most mixes.
3.) For repro, 96khz or > is nice, but not as much of an improvement as the first two points.
4.) In mixing and post production the faster the sample rate the better our filters, Eq's and other processes that rely on recursive feedback sound. IOW, a minimum phase analog EQ will best a minimum phase digital EQ up to a certain sample rate... Systems with feedback seem to improve audibly up to 512-768Khz after which I can't hear much difference between digital and analog (outside that digital is more precise and less noisy). Yes I've setup special tests for this. In low channel count non-recursive use 48Khz has been fine both for storage and mixing although 96Khz has just a little more definition which can be useful on high-track count mixes.
5.) DSD recording and playback is more accurate as it's more data - that's all there is to it. It is closer to analog tape (without the damn noise floor). I started using DSD for masters in 2007. Was using tape from 2002-2007
6.) Vinyl has euphonic distortion introduced by a second (lateral?) motion of the needle... This movement produces additional harmonics, which most people seem to enjoy. The designer of ableton live (who is a very smart innovator in digital audio) went so far as to write a plugin to emulate this 'effect' after measuring it.
I like vinyl, I even have pressings coming out this year, but I know it's not closer to the real thing, its a medium with a built in euphonic artifact that also happens to fairly band limited compared to digital systems. Imagine trying to lay hot 12khz signals at the center of the record, what a nightmare... The few left who run lathes are often adjusting stereo width (with elliptical filters that add group delay) to accomplish records that don't break into distortion.
Anymore I only know of a few people in the world who are staying fully analog from recording to lathe, so consider 98%+ of your vinyl came from either the CD masters or sometimes from higher sample rate files, potentially mastered for vinyl specifically.
Analog systems allow non-definite states to exists, there is something comforting about this in a computerized and labeled world. Vinyl sounds great and the ritual/hassle of it is relational... The music needs the listener to dust it off, to take care putting it in it's sleeve, etc. The essence of love is an abstract behavior that has no relationship to base functionality. I experience a sort of love when I handle vinyl.Posted 21st October 2015 at 12:36 PM by anthonybisset