There are lots of types of voltage regulators, but in this installment I’ll talk about series regulators.
What’s a regulator? It’s all in the name: it REGULATES the voltage to the circuit to be powered to keep it constant and as free of noise and ripple as practical. The ‘regulation’ means that there is some circuitry that compares a reference voltage, like from a zener diode, to the regulated output voltage, and then uses the difference between the two to adjust another element to null that difference. The ‘compare-and-correct’ is crucial for a regulator, and is done by negative feedback….
Look at Fig 1: is there a regulator in there? No, they are all circuits that try to give a constant, ripple free voltage, but if you start to draw varying currents from them, the output will vary with that current and there is no mechanism that somehow tries to null out that variation. Fig 1c is better than 1b, because Q1 buffers the voltage from the zener reference, so...
. As the tube was open, I pulled one of the Three ways out and basically sealed every interior joint. I then put a slight 45 degree chamfer on the back of the woofer cutout and glued in the front baffle (it has always only been screwed and didn't even have a gasket). ...
